Archive-name: mail/country-codes Last-modified: 1997/05/26 Based on International Standard ISO 3166 Codes Compiled by Olivier M.J. Crepin-Leblond E-mail: Release: 97.05.04 Release Notes: a. Papua New Guinea (PG) with FI Turkmenistan (TM) with FI Cambodia (KH) with FI Sudan (SD) with FI b. Zaire (ZR) becomes Democratic Republic of Congo c. Country-codes distribution list move to majordomo This document is Copyright 1994-1997 by Olivier Crepin-Leblond. No part of this document may be reproduced in any commercial publication by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or storage in an information retrieval system without prior written permission of the copyright holder. It may however be freely redistributed in its entirety provided that this copyright notice, its headers "Archive-name", "Last-modified", and "Release" are not removed. Every now-and-then there are enquiries on the net regarding E-mail to a distant country. The question is often of the type "has that country got E-mail access ?". The following table is a guide of country codes, showing the countries which have access to Internet or general E-mail services. The country codes have been derived from the International Organization for Standardization standard ISO 3166. A country code is taken as a top level domain once it is registered at rs.internic.net so *not* all country codes listed are top level domains. At the bottom of the table, there is also a section of general top level domains, based on the information available at rs.internic.net. NOTES: 1. Description of codes: FI stands for FULL INTERNET access. This includes 'telnet', 'ftp', and internet E-mail. B stands for BITNET access although the address may be in internet DNS (Domain Name System) format. * (Asterisk) means that the country is reachable by E-mail. If this is not preceded by FI or B, it means that the connection may be a UUCP connection. An asterisk is included after FI or B for consistency. PFI stands for a provisional full internet connection.(+) P stands for provisional connection. (+) (+) This is used when one or more of the following is true: - address not verified or lack of address - UUCP dialup not active - net connection possible but not officially announced - premature official announcement of connection F stands for a country that is connected to Internet only via means of the FIDOnet network. It is assumed that the FIDO connection in this case is stable and reliable. 2. Networks which are not included: Networks such as MILNET (U.S. Military's unclassified portion of the DDN - Data Defense Network) have computers all around the world. It is generally possible to assume that wherever there is a U.S. military base, there will be a node reachable through gateways. Private company networks such as for DEC (Digital Equipment Corp.), or Sun Microsystems, for example, have nodes in many exotic locations. However the connection may take place via UUCP and cost a lot of money. Those networks have therefore not been included. In addition, those are PRIVATE networks. Many companies ( like U.S. Sprint, for example ) offer commercial services to many countries which are not readily available on the Internet. The service is VERY COSTLY, usually takes place via UUCP or X.400 connections. X.400 E-mail is usually charged to someone and if the telecommunication carrier cannot find someone to pay for the message transfer, it will reject it. As a result, those types of network have not been included in the list. Although a user may RECEIVE E-mail from a user on those networks, one may not be able to reply to it. 3. Updates: The situation changes from day to day. The growth in international networking is such that the information contained in this document may be out of date by the time it reaches you. If you have any update (i.e. knowledge that a new country is connected), please send a message to , including an example address from the country reached so that it can be verified. Furthermore, if you are a connection provider or could provide a low cost connection in a country, and are not listed as a provider in that country (see "FURTHER INFORMATION" section), please notify either Randy Bush , Steven Huter or me (or all three of us !). NOTE: This doesn't include providers for North America. If you are a North American provider, then please DON'T contact us. 4. .US sites While there are several hundreds of BITNET nodes in USA, none have a name in the format `.US'. That's why the .us domain is only FI and *. 5. .edu, .com, etc. The domains in this section are special in that some of them are used in more than one country. The domains which have full internet access are marked accordingly. 6. UK and GB domains UK stands for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. GB actually stands for Great Britain. GB is therefore a subset of UK. In reality, the GB top level domain has been used mainly for X.400 addressing of sites, while the UK top level domain is more commonly used. While in the early nineties, there was an emphasis towards X.400, and hence towards registration under the GB top level domain, this policy does not stand anymore, and most sites in the UK are now registered under the UK top level domain. 7. Further information column This column contains information as follows: - E-mail address of a contact from which further information may be obtained and/or - Details of a gopher system that can be queried for further information in this case, look at Section 8: Where to find further information or - If no other information available: nameserver details, if any. This is the main nameserver as listed in the rs.internic.net database. Those often change as the network grows, and it is hard to keep track of all nameservers, but they should usually work. Nameservers can be queried by users using nslookup. 8. Where to find further information A number of sites run on-line information databases, mail-servers, and gopher information systems where further information can be found. - rs.internic.net Part of this site, the InterNIC database services, contains the Internet "white pages". The "whois" section of the "white pages" has registration records for top level domains. "whois" can be accessed by connecting interactively (telnet rs.internic.net), or via gopher (gopher rs.internic.net) or using the "whois" command available on some computer systems (whois -h rs.internic.net). Registration records for a domain are sometimes useful since they provide Administrative and Technical Contacts for this domain and those may hence be able to provide further information. Whois can also be accessible by E-mailing mailserv@internic.net
and subject: whois - gopher.ripe.net This is a gopher system run by ripe.net, the co-ordinator for European Internet nodes. It contains a lot of information regarding European IP, etc. It may be accessed either as "gopher gopher.ripe.net" or "telnet gopher.ripe.net" and logging-in appropriately. It also has a "whois" database. - GNET: an Archive and Electronic Journal This is co-ordinated by Larry Press Archived documents are available by anonymous ftp from the directory global_net at dhvx20.csudh.edu (155.135.1.1). To conserve bandwidth, the archive contains an abstract of each document, as well as the full document. The preferred way to access the archive is via the Web at: http://som.csudh.edu/cis/lpress/devnat/ In addition to the archive, there is a moderated GNET discussion list. To submit a document to the archive or subscribe to the moderated discussion list, use the address gnet_request@dhvx20.csudh.edu. - BITNIC Bitnet Network Information Center Bitnet LISTSERVs contain files which list all BITNET sites around the world. For a listing of all BITNET sites, in country code order, send a message to LISTSERV@Bitnic.educom.edu (or LISTSERV@BITNIC for BITNET folks), no subject, and the command: GET NODES INFO3 in the body of the message. A very long file of information on all international BITNET sites can be ftp'ed from Bitnic.educom.edu and is called BITEARN.NODES . It is more than 2Mb long. - www.nsrc.org This Web system, maintained by the Network Startup Resource Center and PSGnet/RAINet contains perhaps the most comprehensive collection of information about country connectivity. It's top level reference is: http://www.nsrc.org/ and the coloured maps held in http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk/misc/bymap/world.html point to further information www.nsrc.org. A gopher system, "gopher.nsrc.org" is accessible through gopher. For the gopher client impaired, one can telnet to gopher.nsrc.org and login as gopher. An important feature is an E-mail interface to access the information in the gopher system. Send E-mail to: server@gopher.nsrc.org any subject, and in the body of the message: send country/ Example: if you want further information about Brazil (country code BR) send country/BR Many thanks to Randy Bush and to John Klensin for setting-up this site and this collaborative effort. 9. Archiving Once released, this document is archived in a number of archive sites around the world. Amongst them: ftp://rtfm.mit.edu:/pub/usenet/news.answers/mail/ #ftp://ftp.uu.net:/usenet/news.answers/mail/ ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk:/usenet/news.answers/news.newusers.questions/ (#) those may not be accessible via Bear access or direct PC access in some cases. The document is also retrievable by E-mail from rtfm.mit.edu by sending an E-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu , blank subject line and the command: send usenet/news.answers/mail/country-codes The up-to-date, pre-release document is also available using a simple mail-server that I have setup from my account. Send E-mail to: with a subject: archive-server-request and the command: get mail/country-codes in the body of your message. The document is also distributed automatically once a month on a mailing list. To subscribe to that mailing list, send a message to: majordomo@ic.ac.uk with the command in the body of the message: subscribe country-codes The whole collection of documents (monthly releases since 1992 !) is available on: gopher://gopher.nsrc.org:70/1m/oclbfaq/oclb 10. World-Wide-Web (WWW) document A sister document is available on the World Wide Web. It is based on this FAQ, and has links to further information for each domain: http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk/misc/country-codes.html A set of clickable international colour-coded maps is available at: http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk/misc/bymap/world.html Web references for Top-Level information servers for a particular country should be sent to . Thanks to all who have helped ! ISO 3166 Codes + Top level domains. WARNING: The link to some countries marked as being connected to Internet via UUCP or FIDO is often an expensive telephone dialup link. The people in those countries pay dearly for every byte of information sent to them. It is therefore not advised to send an electronic mail to a remote node in such a country asking "how's the weather there". When it comes to money, people take things very seriously, especially since funds are scarce. It is a matter of net etiquette to keep this in mind. Junk mail sent to any node that has to pay a lot for its telephone connection will clearly be dealt with HARSHLY and evasive action may well be taken against those not respecting this notice. Code Country Conn Notes Further information ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ AD Andorra FI * AE United Arab Emirates FI * AF Afghanistan(Islamic St.) AG Antigua and Barbuda FI * AI Anguilla FI * AL Albania FI * AM Armenia FI * Ex-USSR AN Netherland Antilles FI * AO Angola (Republic of) FI * AQ Antarctica FI * intermittent luxor.cc.waikato.ac.nz AR Argentina FI * AS American Samoa AT Austria FI B * AU Australia FI * AW Aruba FI * AZ Azerbaijan FI B * Ex-USSR BA Bosnia-Herzegovina FI * BB Barbados FI * BD Bangladesh FI * BE Belgium FI * BF Burkina Faso FI * BG Bulgaria FI B * BH Bahrain FI B * BI Burundi BJ Benin FI * BM Bermuda FI * BN Brunei Darussalam FI * BO Bolivia FI * BR Brazil FI B * BS Bahamas FI * BT Bhutan BV Bouvet Island BW Botswana FI * BY Belarus FI B * Ex-USSR BZ Belize FI * CA Canada FI B * CC Cocos (Keeling) Isl. CF Central African Rep. FI * CG Congo * CH Switzerland FI * CI Ivory Coast FI * CK Cook Islands * CL Chile FI B * CM Cameroon FI * CN China FI * CO Colombia FI * CR Costa Rica FI * CU Cuba FI * CV Cape Verde CX Christmas Island CY Cyprus FI * CZ Czech Republic FI * DE Germany FI B * DJ Djibouti FI * DK Denmark FI * DM Dominica FI * DO Dominican Republic FI * DZ Algeria FI * EC Ecuador FI * EE Estonia FI * EG Egypt FI B * EH Western Sahara ER Eritrea * ES Spain FI B * ET Ethiopia FI * FI Finland FI B * FJ Fiji FI * FK Falkland Isl.(Malvinas) FM Micronesia FI * FO Faroe Islands FI * FR France FI B * FX France (European Ter.) ??? GA Gabon GB Great Britain (UK) FI B * X.400 & IP ns1.cs.ucl.ac.uk GD Grenada FI * GE Georgia FI * Ex-USSR GF Guiana (Fr.) FI * GG Guernsey (Ch. Isl) FI * GH Ghana FI * GI Gibraltar FI * GL Greenland FI * GM Gambia F GN Guinea PFI * dial-IP GP Guadeloupe (Fr.) FI * GQ Equatorial Guinea GR Greece FI * GS South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands GT Guatemala FI * GU Guam (US) FI * in US domains GW Guinea Bissau GY Guyana FI * HK Hong Kong FI * HM Heard & McDonald Isl. HN Honduras FI * HR Croatia FI B * HT Haiti FI * HU Hungary FI B * ID Indonesia FI * IE Ireland FI * IL Israel FI B * IN India FI B * IM Isle of Man FI * IO British Indian O. Terr. IQ Iraq IR Iran FI B * IS Iceland FI B * IT Italy FI B * JE Jersey (Ch. Isl.) FI * JM Jamaica FI * JO Jordan FI * JP Japan FI B * KE Kenya FI * KG Kyrgyz Republic FI * Ex-USSR (in .su domain) KH Cambodia FI * KI Kiribati KM Comoros KN St.Kitts Nevis Anguilla P KP Korea (North) P KR Korea (South) FI * KW Kuwait FI * No BITNET KY Cayman Islands FI * KZ Kazakhstan FI * Ex-USSR LA Laos LB Lebanon FI * LC Saint Lucia FI * LI Liechtenstein FI * LK Sri Lanka FI * LR Liberia LS Lesotho FI * LT Lithuania FI * Ex-USSR LU Luxembourg FI * LV Latvia FI * Ex-USSR LY Libya MA Morocco FI * MC Monaco FI * MD Moldova FI * Ex-USSR MG Madagascar FI * MH Marshall Islands MK Macedonia (former Yug.)FI * ML Mali FI * MM Myanmar MN Mongolia FI * MO Macau FI * MP Northern Mariana Isl. FI * MQ Martinique (Fr.) MR Mauritania * MS Montserrat MT Malta FI * MU Mauritius FI * MV Maldives FI * MW Malawi F MX Mexico FI * MY Malaysia FI * MZ Mozambique FI * NA Namibia FI * NC New Caledonia (Fr.) FI * NE Niger FI * NF Norfolk Island NG Nigeria FI F NI Nicaragua FI * NL Netherlands FI B * NO Norway FI B * NP Nepal FI * NR Nauru NU Niue NZ New Zealand FI * OM Oman FI * PA Panama FI B * PE Peru FI * PF Polynesia (Fr.) FI * PG Papua New Guinea FI * PH Philippines FI * PK Pakistan FI * PL Poland FI B * PM St. Pierre & Miquelon PN Pitcairn PR Puerto Rico (US) FI B * PT Portugal FI * PW Palau PY Paraguay FI * QA Qatar FI * RE Reunion (Fr.) FI * In .fr domain RO Romania FI B * RU Russian Federation FI B * Ex-USSR RW Rwanda F currently cut SA Saudi Arabia FI B * dial-ip SB Solomon Islands FI * SC Seychelles FI * SD Sudan FI * SE Sweden FI B * SG Singapore FI * SH St. Helena SI Slovenia FI * SJ Svalbard & Jan Mayen IsFI * in .no domain SK Slovakia (Slovak Rep) FI * SL Sierra Leone * SM San Marino FI * SN Senegal FI * SO Somalia SR Suriname FI * ST St. Tome and Principe SU Soviet Union FI B * Still used. SV El Salvador FI * SY Syria SZ Swaziland FI * TC Turks & Caicos Islands TD Chad * TF French Southern Terr. TG Togo * TH Thailand FI * TJ Tadjikistan * Ex-USSR TK Tokelau TM Turkmenistan FI * Ex-USSR TN Tunisia FI * TO Tonga FI * TP East Timor TR Turkey FI B * TT Trinidad & Tobago FI * TV Tuvalu TW Taiwan FI * TZ Tanzania FI * UA Ukraine FI * UG Uganda FI * UK United Kingdom FI B * ISO 3166 is GB UM US Minor outlying Isl. US United States FI * see note (4) UY Uruguay FI * UZ Uzbekistan FI * Ex-USSR VA Vatican City State FI * VC St.Vincent & Grenadines P VE Venezuela FI * VG Virgin Islands (British) VI Virgin Islands (US) FI * VN Vietnam * VU Vanuatu FI * WF Wallis & Futuna Islands WS Western Samoa FI * YE Yemen FI * YT Mayotte YU Yugoslavia FI * ZA South Africa FI * ZM Zambia FI * intermittent ZR Dem. Rep. of Congo PFI * unstable connection ZW Zimbabwe FI * See Note [5] for the next top level domains (rs.internic.net): ARPA Old style Arpanet * alias still works ns.nic.ddn.mil COM Commercial FI * telnet whois.internic.net EDU Educational FI B * telnet whois.internic.net GOV Government FI * telnet whois.internic.net INT International field FI * ns1.cs.ucl.ac.uk MIL US Military FI * ns.nic.ddn.mil NET Network FI * telnet whois.internic.net ORG Non-Profit OrganizationFI * telnet whois.internic.net +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ DISCLAIMER: while every effort is made to provide accurate information, this list is not guaranteed to be accurate. This document is in NO WAY an official document. The information given should not be used as a basis for routing tables but only as general end-user information. This is a voluntary effort. I would appreciate greatly if errors/omissions could be pointed out to me and they would be corrected in the next release. The information included in this document implies no view whatsoever regarding questions of sovereignty or the status of any place listed. Affiliation to Imperial College is given for identification purposes only.