References: exercises-cacti-from-source.txt

Network Management & Monitoring

Installing Cacti
================

Notes:
------
* Commands preceded with "$" imply that you should execute the command as
  a general user - not as root.
* Commands preceded with "#" imply that you should be working as root.
* Commands with more specific command lines (e.g. "RTR-GW>" or "mysql>") 
  imply that you are executing commands on remote equipment, or within 
  another program.

Exercises
---------

1. Installing Cacti from Source

Optional
--------

2. Installing the Cacti Plugin Architecture
3. Install the Settings and thold Plugins
4. Configure the Installed Plugins

1. Installing Cacti from Source
-------------------------------

Connect to your PC using ssh

Be sure we have installed the support packages required for Cacti

Chances are most of these packages are already installed, but it's fine to
specify them again as the apt package management system will only install 
new items.

        $ sudo apt-get install apache2 php5 libapache2-mod-php5 mysql-server \
          php5-mysql snmp php5-snmp rrdtool librrdp-perl librrds-perl php5-cli \
          wget 
          
If installing from scratch it is 110MB of additional disk space and about 61MB 
to download. Remember that "\" simply means "newline" - Ask your instructor for help if
you don't understand what this means.

Let's become root (you can use "sudo" instead if you wish).

        # sudo bash
        # cd /var/www
        # wget http://www.cacti.net/downloads/cacti-0.8.7g.tar.gz

If not available remotely or connection is too slow, then:

        # wget http://noc.ws.nsrc.org/downloads/cacti/cacti-0.8.7h.tar.gz

Next extract the file:

        # tar xvzf cacti-0.8.7h.tar.gz

Make the directory name more friendly.

        # mv cacti-0.8.7h cacti

Set the appropriate permissions on cacti's directories for graph/log generation. 

        # chown www-data:www-data cacti
        # cd cacti
        # chown -R www-data:www-data *

Create the MySQL database
-------------------------

        # mysqladmin --user=root -p create cacti
        Enter password: <class password>

        Import the default cacti database

        # mysql -uroot -p cacti < cacti.sql 
        Enter password: <class password>

Create a MySQL username and password for Cacti (avoid using mysql root user)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

        # mysql -uroot -p mysql
        Enter password: <class password>

        mysql> GRANT ALL ON cacti.* TO cactiuser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '<class password>';

        mysql> flush privileges;
        mysql> quit

Edit include/config.php and specify the MySQL user, password and database for your Cacti 
configuration. Most likely you'll only need to change the line with "$database_password"
in the first section:

        /* make sure these values refect your actual database/host/user/password */
        $database_type = "mysql";
        $database_default = "cacti";    
        $database_hostname = "localhost";
        $database_username = "cactiuser";
        $database_password = "<class password>";
        $database_port = "3306";
        $database_ssl = false;

Now add a line just under the line above and add the following:

        /*
        Edit this to point to the default URL of your Cacti install
        ex: if your cacti install as at http://serverip/cacti/ this
        would be set to /cacti/
        */
        $url_path = "/cacti/";

Now exit and save the file.

Create a cron process for cacti:

        # cd /etc/cron.d
        # touch cacti 
        # vi cacti

        MAILTO=root
        */5 * * * * www-data php /var/www/cacti/poller.php >/dev/null 2>/var/log/cacti/poller-error.log

Now give the right permissions to the log files and create a blank log file:

        # cd /var/log
        # mkdir cacti
        # chown www-data:www-data cacti
        # cd cacti
        # touch poller-error.log
        # chown www-data:www-data poller-error.log

Congratuations! The Cacti base is now installed. To complete installation return to the class 
presentation and follow the steps for completing the Cacti installation by going to:

        http://pcN.ws.nsrc.org/cacti

In a web browser.



Optional Exercises
==================
 
NOTE: The exercises should _only_ be done if you have installed Cacti from source. If you install 
Cacti using "apt-get install cacti" these exercises will not work.

  
2. Install the Cacti Plugin Architecture
----------------------------------------

The Cacti Plugin Architecture is a set of patches that are made to the Cacti source that allows
users to write extensions to Cacti to add additional funcationality to the product. For the 
complete, official documenation for install the Cacti Plugin Architecture (Cacti PA) you can view
this web page:

        http://docs.cacti.net/manual:087:1_installation.9_pia

First we need to obtain the Plugin Architecture source:

        # cd /usr/local/src
        # wget http://www.cacti.net/downloads/pia/cacti-plugin-0.8.7h-PA-v3.0.tar.gz

If not available remotely or connection is too slow, then:

        # wget http://noc.ws.nsrc.org/downloads/cacti/cacti-plugin-0.8.7h-PA-v3.0.tar.gz

Next extract the file:

        # tar xvzf cacti-plugin-0.8.7h-PA-v3.0.tar.gz

We are going to use the patch method to install the architecture. Let's make sure that the "patch"
utility is installed:

        # apt-get install patch

Copy the "diff" file to the directory where Cacti is installed:

        # cd cacti-plugin-arch
        # cp cacti-plugin-0.8.7h-PA-v3.0.diff /var/www/cacti/.

Let's see if the patch file we have will work against our installation:

        # cd /var/www/cacti
        # patch -p1 -N --dry-run < cacti-plugin-0.8.7h-PA-v3.0.diff

You should not see any FAIL statements on the screen. If you do, let your instructor know. 

Now update Cacti with the Plugin Architecture:

        # patch -p1 -N < cacti-plugin-0.8.7h-PA-v3.0.diff

At this point you are almost done with the initial install. We need to update a couple of files
and add some changes to our backend Cacti MySQL database structure.

First, let's update the MySQL database:

        # cd /usr/local/src/cacti-plugin-arch/
        # mysql -uroot -p cacti < pa.sql
        Enter password: <class password>

The Plugin Architecture is now installed.

Now go to Cacti in your web browser:

        http://pcN.ws.nsrc.org/cacti

Log in as the "admin" user.

        Go to User Management
        ==> select "admin" user
        ==> at the bottom of the page check the box in the "Realm Permissions" that says 
            "Plugin Management"
        ==> Press "Save"

Note on the left side of the Cacti page there is now a "Plugin Management" option under
Configuration. 

Now it's time to install a couple of Plugins and configure them.


3. Install the Settings and thold Plugin
----------------------------------------

You can find a list of plugins here:

        http://docs.cacti.net/plugins

But, the most current version of several of the most popular plugins are available here:

        http://cactiusers.org/

The Settings plugin allows you to specify additional settings for sending email in Cacti.
This is very important (actually critical) if you wish to set up Cacti so that it can
send email and generate tickets in a ticketing system.

To install the Settings plugin we do:

        # cd /var/www/cacti/plugins
        # wget http://cactiusers.org/downloads/settings.tar.gz

if not available remotely or connection is too slow, then:

        # wget http://noc.ws.nsrc.org/downloads/cacti/plugins/settings.tar.gz

Next extract the file:

        # tar xvzf settings.tar.gz

Remove the tar.gz file:

        # rm settings.tar.gz

Next get the thold plugin:

        # wget http://cactiusers.org/downloads/thold.tar.gz

if not available remotely or connection is too slow, then:

        # wget http://noc.ws.nsrc.org/downloads/cacti/plugins/thold.tar.gz

Next extract the file:

        # tar xvzf thold.tar.gz

Remove the tar.gz file:

        # rm thold.tar.gz

Now we are ready to configure these two plugins to work with Cacti. The thold plugin will allow 
us to set thresholds that can cause triggers, such as sending an email message to a ticketing 
system and automatically generate a ticket when certain conditions are detected (CPU is too hot 
in the router, max bandwidth exceeded for 10 minutes, system load is to high on a server, etc...).


4. Configure the Settings and thold plugins
-------------------------------------------

The steps to do this are done from with the Cacti web interface. As they are graphical please
see the document:

        cacti-plugin-configuration.pdf

This document is linked in to the Agenda on the wiki for your class. Ask your instructor if you
have questions.