Agenda: 04.1_Cisco_Config_Intro.html

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15<div class="slide titlepage">
16  <h1 class="title">Introduction to OSPF</h1>
17  <p class="author">
18Campus Networking Workshop
19  </p>
20</div>
21<div class="slide">
22<h1 id="cisco-router-components-memory-types">Cisco router components: Memory types</h1>
23<dl>
24<dt>RAM</dt>
25<dd><p>Stores packet buffers, ARP cache, routing table, software code and data structures necessary for router operation. Running configuration and decompressed IOS code is stored in RAM</p>
26</dd>
27<dt>ROM</dt>
28<dd><p>Contains basic software for hardware testing and initialization</p>
29</dd>
30<dt>Flash</dt>
31<dd><p>Stores IOS and backup configuration files. Not volatile</p>
32</dd>
33<dt>NVRAM (non-volatile RAM)</dt>
34<dd><p>Saves router configuration</p>
35</dd>
36</dl>
37</div>
38<div class="slide">
39<h1 id="cisco-router-components-software">Cisco router components: Software</h1>
40<dl>
41<dt>POST</dt>
42<dd><p>Power-on Self-Test. Stored in ROM. Checks basic router functions</p>
43</dd>
44<dt>Bootstrap</dt>
45<dd><p>In ROM. Initiates router and loads IOS</p>
46</dd>
47<dt>ROM Monitor</dt>
48<dd><p>In ROM. Used for tests and troubleshooting. Basic interface for troubleshooting low-level issues</p>
49</dd>
50<dt>IOS (Internetwork Operating System)</dt>
51<dd><p>Provides all of the higher-level router functionalities</p>
52</dd>
53</dl>
54</div>
55<div class="slide">
56<h1 id="configuration-register">Configuration Register</h1>
57<ul>
58<li>Controls various low-level settings
59<ul>
60<li>Tells router to load or ignore NVRAM configuration at startup</li>
61<li>Terminal behaviour (e.g. serial speed)</li>
62</ul></li>
63<li>Current value can be seen with show version</li>
64<li>Most common settings are:
65<ul>
66<li>0x2102 - normal</li>
67<li>0x2142 - ignore configuration</li>
68</ul></li>
69</ul>
70</div>
71<div class="slide">
72<h1 id="where-is-the-configuration">Where is the configuration?</h1>
73<ul>
74<li>Router always has two configurations
75<ul>
76<li>running-config
77<ul>
78<li>In RAM. Shows which parameters are currently in use.</li>
79<li><code>show running-config</code></li>
80<li>Modified with <code>configure terminal</code> command</li>
81</ul></li>
82<li>startup-config
83<ul>
84<li>In NVRAM. Loaded by router in next reboot</li>
85<li>This is where the running-config is saved</li>
86<li><code>show startup-config</code></li>
87</ul></li>
88</ul></li>
89</ul>
90</div>
91<div class="slide">
92<h1 id="configuration-backups">Configuration backups</h1>
93<ul>
94<li>You can store configuration in other places
95<ul>
96<li>In router’s Flash memory</li>
97<li>In a server, via TFTP</li>
98</ul></li>
99<li>Can be copied around with copy command
100<ul>
101<li><code>copy running-config startup-config</code>
102<ul>
103<li>or <code>write memory</code> (old style)</li>
104</ul></li>
105<li><code>copy running-config tftp</code></li>
106<li><code>copy startup-config tftp</code></li>
107<li><code>copy startup-config flash:saved-config</code></li>
108<li><code>copy flash:saved-config startup-config</code></li>
109</ul></li>
110</ul>
111</div>
112<div class="slide">
113<h1 id="when-the-router-has-no-configuration....">When the router has no configuration....</h1>
114<ul>
115<li>It asks <code>Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]:</code></li>
116<li>Just say <em>n</em> (no)
117<ul>
118<li>otherwise you get a tedious series of questions to answer</li>
119</ul></li>
120</ul>
121</div>
122<div class="slide">
123<h1 id="access-modes">Access modes</h1>
124<ul>
125<li>User EXEC
126<ul>
127<li>Limited access. Show interface state, etc.</li>
128<li><code>Router&gt;</code></li>
129</ul></li>
130<li>Privileged EXEC (enabled mode)
131<ul>
132<li>Detailed examination, manipulate configuration and files, run tests, debugging, etc.</li>
133<li><code>Router#</code></li>
134</ul></li>
135<li>ROM Monitor
136<ul>
137<li>Password recovery and IOS installation</li>
138<li><code>rommon 1&gt;</code></li>
139</ul></li>
140</ul>
141</div>
142<div class="slide">
143<h1 id="management-input-sources">Management input sources</h1>
144<dl>
145<dt>Console</dt>
146<dd>Direct access via serial port
147</dd>
148<dt>Auxiliary Port</dt>
149<dd>Access via Modem
150</dd>
151<dt>Virtual Terminals (VTY)</dt>
152<dd>Telnet/SSH
153</dd>
154</dl>
155</div>
156<div class="slide">
157<h1 id="changing-the-configuration">Changing the configuration</h1>
158<ul>
159<li>Commands are activated immediately</li>
160<li>Be careful when typing!</li>
161<li>When working on serial console or via Telnet or SSH, commands can be copied from a text file and pasted into the terminal</li>
162</ul>
163</div>
164<div class="slide">
165<h1 id="changing-the-configuration-contd">Changing the configuration (contd)</h1>
166<pre><code>router&gt;
167router&gt;enable
168... type password ...
169router#
170router# configure terminal
171router(config)#
172... type commands ...
173router(config)# end
174router# write memory
175</code></pre>
176</div>
177<div class="slide">
178<h1 id="how-to-tell-where-you-are">How to tell where you are</h1>
179<pre><code>Router&gt; - USER EXEC
180Router# -  PRVILEDGED EXEC
181Router(config) - Global configuration
182Router(config-if) - Interface configuration
183Router(config-subif) - Sub-interface configuration
184Router(config-route-map) - Route-map configuration
185Router(config-router) - Routing protocol configuration
186Router(config-line) - Line configuration
187rommon 1&gt; - ROM Monitor
188</code></pre>
189</div>
190<div class="slide">
191<h1 id="context-help">Context Help</h1>
192<ul>
193<li><p>Use &quot;?&quot; to obtain a list of commands available in your current configuration mode</p>
194<pre><code>Router(config)#?
195Configure commands:
196  aaa                         Authentication, Authorization and Accounting.
197  aal2-profile                Configure AAL2 profile
198  access-list                 Add an access list entry
199  alarm-interface             Configure a specific Alarm Interface Card
200  alias                       Create command alias
201  appfw                       Configure the Application Firewall policy
202  application                 Define application
203  archive                     Archive the configuration
204  arp                         Set a static ARP entry
205  ...
206</code></pre></li>
207</ul>
208</div>
209<div class="slide">
210<h1 id="online-help">Online help</h1>
211<ul>
212<li><p>Use &quot;?&quot; also to see all possible parameters to an incomplete command:</p>
213<pre><code>&lt;Router(config)#username ?
214  WORD  User name
215Router#show ?
216  aaa                       Show AAA values
217  aal2                      Show commands for AAL2
218  access-expression         List access expression
219  access-lists              List access lists
220  accounting                Accounting data for active sessions
221  ...
222</code></pre></li>
223</ul>
224</div>
225<div class="slide">
226<h1 id="command-completion">Command completion</h1>
227<ul>
228<li><p>Use the Tab key to complete a command</p>
229<pre><code>router(config)#int&lt;TAB&gt;
230router(config)#interface et&lt;TAB&gt;
231router(config)#interface ethernet 0
232router(config-if)#ip add&lt;TAB&gt;
233router(config-if)#ip address n.n.n.n m.m.m.m
234</code></pre></li>
235<li><p>You can just type the abbreviated form if it's unambigious</p></li>
236</ul>
237<pre><code>router(config)#int e 0
238router(config-if)#ip add n.n.n.n m.m.m.m
239</code></pre>
240</div>
241<div class="slide">
242<h1 id="moving-faster-around-the-command-line">Moving faster around the command line</h1>
243<ul>
244<li>Move within command history
245<ul>
246<li>[Cursor Up] - Previous command</li>
247<li>[Cursor Down] - Next command</li>
248</ul></li>
249<li>Line editing
250<ul>
251<li>[Cursor Left] and [Right] - move within the line</li>
252<li>Ctrl-a : move to beginning of line</li>
253<li>Ctrl-e : move to end of line</li>
254<li>Ctrl-k : delete until end of line</li>
255</ul></li>
256</ul>
257</div>
258<div class="slide">
259<h1 id="verifying-and-troubleshooting">Verifying and troubleshooting</h1>
260<pre><code>show running-config
261show run interface f0/0
262show ip int brief
263debug ip ospf hello / events / adj
264show log
265show version
266</code></pre>
267</div>
268</body>
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