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11</head>
12<body>
13<div id="header">
14<h1 class="title">Netdot exercise</h1>
15<h2 class="author">Network Management Topics</h2>
16</div>
17<div id="TOC">
18<ul>
19<li><a href="#introduction"><span class="toc-section-number">1</span> Introduction</a><ul>
20<li><a href="#goals"><span class="toc-section-number">1.1</span> Goals</a></li>
21<li><a href="#notes"><span class="toc-section-number">1.2</span> Notes</a></li>
22</ul></li>
23<li><a href="#installation"><span class="toc-section-number">2</span> Installation</a><ul>
24<li><a href="#download-the-package"><span class="toc-section-number">2.1</span> Download the Package</a></li>
25<li><a href="#install-dependencies"><span class="toc-section-number">2.2</span> Install dependencies:</a></li>
26<li><a href="#initialize-the-site-configuration"><span class="toc-section-number">2.3</span> Initialize the site configuration:</a></li>
27<li><a href="#patch-installation"><span class="toc-section-number">2.4</span> Patch installation</a></li>
28<li><a href="#install-the-application-and-initialize-the-database."><span class="toc-section-number">2.5</span> Install the application and initialize the database.</a></li>
29</ul></li>
30<li><a href="#operation"><span class="toc-section-number">3</span> Operation</a><ul>
31<li><a href="#log-into-the-web-interface"><span class="toc-section-number">3.1</span> Log into the web interface</a></li>
32<li><a href="#changing-default-passwords"><span class="toc-section-number">3.2</span> Changing default passwords</a></li>
33<li><a href="#discovering-devices"><span class="toc-section-number">3.3</span> Discovering devices</a></li>
34<li><a href="#finding-a-computer-in-your-network"><span class="toc-section-number">3.4</span> Finding a computer in your network</a></li>
35<li><a href="#managing-ip-address-space"><span class="toc-section-number">3.5</span> Managing IP address space</a><ul>
36<li><a href="#create-a-container-to-include-all-the-group-subnets"><span class="toc-section-number">3.5.1</span> Create a container to include all the group subnets</a></li>
37</ul></li>
38<li><a href="#polling-devices"><span class="toc-section-number">3.6</span> Polling devices</a></li>
39</ul></li>
40<li><a href="#more-information"><span class="toc-section-number">4</span> More information</a></li>
41</ul>
42</div>
43<h1 id="introduction"><span class="header-section-number">1</span> Introduction</h1>
44<p>The Network Documentation Tool (Netdot) is an open source software designed to help network administrators collect, organize and maintain network documentation. Netdot is actively developed at the University of Oregon.</p>
45<h2 id="goals"><span class="header-section-number">1.1</span> Goals</h2>
46<p>In these exercises we will install Netdot and demonstrate some of its most important features.</p>
47<h2 id="notes"><span class="header-section-number">1.2</span> Notes</h2>
48<ul>
49<li>Commands preceded with &quot;$&quot; imply that you should execute the command as a general user - not as root.</li>
50<li>Commands preceded with &quot;#&quot; imply that you should be working as root.</li>
51<li>Commands with more specific command lines (e.g. &quot;rtrX&gt;&quot; or &quot;mysql&gt;&quot;) imply that you are executing commands on remote equipment, or within another program.</li>
52</ul>
53<h1 id="installation"><span class="header-section-number">2</span> Installation</h1>
54<p><em>Netdot may already be installed in your PC. Ask the instructor.</em></p>
55<p>Log in to your virtual machine as the sysadm user.</p>
56<h2 id="download-the-package"><span class="header-section-number">2.1</span> Download the Package</h2>
57<p>First check if it's available in your classroom's NOC server:</p>
58<pre><code>$ cd
59$ wget http://noc.ws.nsrc.org/downloads/netdot/netdot-1.0.7.tar.gz</code></pre>
60<p>If not, try from the official site:</p>
61<pre><code>$ wget http://netdot.uoregon.edu/pub/dists/netdot-1.0.7.tar.gz</code></pre>
62<p>Unpack the tarball:</p>
63<pre><code>$ tar xzvf netdot-1.0.7.tar.gz
64$ cd netdot-1.0.7</code></pre>
65<h2 id="install-dependencies"><span class="header-section-number">2.2</span> Install dependencies:</h2>
66<pre><code>$ sudo apt-get install build-essential
67$ sudo make apt-install
68
69Which RDBMS do you plan to use as backend: [mysql|Pg]? mysql
70
71We need to add a temporary repository of Netdot dependencies until all packages
72are in Debian/Ubuntu official repositories.
73Would you like to continue? [y/n] y</code></pre>
74<p>This will download a lot of packages. Be patient.</p>
75<p>(If you had not installed mysql-server, you'll be asked for a DBA password. Ask the instructor for the Mysql root password).</p>
76<p>Say yes here:</p>
77<pre><code>We will install the MIB files now. Continue? [y/n] y</code></pre>
78<p>If you see this prompt, then answer yes:</p>
79<pre><code>A new /etc/snmp/snmp.conf needs to be installed to point to the newly
80installed MIB files. The current file will be backed up. Continue? [y/n] y</code></pre>
81<p>At the end of the installation you will see a list of Perl modules that have been installed (OK). If any did not install you will see &quot;MISSING&quot;.</p>
82<hr />
83<blockquote>
84<p><strong>NOTE</strong> If more than two packages show as MISSING, do not continue. Ask your instructor for help. Probably you will need to go back and repeat the last section (<code>sudo make apt-install</code>) and look for errors.</p>
85</blockquote>
86<hr />
87<p>If one or two packages are missing, type:</p>
88<pre><code>$ sudo make installdeps
89
90Which RDBMS do you plan to use as backend: [mysql|Pg]? mysql</code></pre>
91<p>You will now see three questions concerning CPAN setup to download the missing PERL dependency. Answer like this:</p>
92<pre><code>Would you like to configure as much as possible automatically? [yes] yes
93
94What approach do you want?  (Choose 'local::lib', 'sudo' or 'manual')
95 [local::lib] &lt;ENTER&gt;
96 
97Would you like me to automatically choose some CPAN mirror
98sites for you? (This means connecting to the Internet) [yes] </code></pre>
99<p>If you still see missing dependencies do:</p>
100<pre><code>$ sudo make installdeps</code></pre>
101<p>Until you don't see any more missing dependencies.</p>
102<p>This will try to install the missing modules using the CPAN archive. At the end, all the modules should show &quot;ok&quot;.</p>
103<h2 id="initialize-the-site-configuration"><span class="header-section-number">2.3</span> Initialize the site configuration:</h2>
104<pre><code>$ cd ~/netdot-1.0.7/
105$ cp etc/Default.conf etc/Site.conf
106$ editor etc/Site.conf</code></pre>
107<p>Find and change the following values:</p>
108<pre><code>NETDOTNAME =&gt; 'pcX.ws.nsrc.org',
109DB_DBA_PASSWORD =&gt; '(the password you used when installing mysql)',
110DEFAULT_SNMPCOMMUNITIES  =&gt;  ['NetManage', 'public'],
111NMS_DEVICE =&gt; 'pcX.ws.nsrc.org',
112DEFAULT_DNSDOMAIN  =&gt; 'ws.nsrc.org',
113DEVICE_NAMING_METHOD_ORDER =&gt; [ 'sysname', 'snmp_target' ],</code></pre>
114<p>Save and exit from the file.</p>
115<h2 id="patch-installation"><span class="header-section-number">2.4</span> Patch installation</h2>
116<p>We're going to make a couple of changes: one to speed up download of the ethernet vendor file, and another to make netdot work with apache 2.4</p>
117<p>First, let's make netdot download the list of ethernet vendors from our local server, and not from the internet (it takes too long otherwise):</p>
118<pre><code>$ cd ~/netdot-1.0.7/bin/
119$ editor Makefile</code></pre>
120<p>Find the line:</p>
121<pre><code>wget -t 1 http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/oui/oui.txt || cp oui.txt.default oui.txt</code></pre>
122<p>And change it to:</p>
123<pre><code>wget -t 1 http://noc.ws.nsrc.org/downloads/netdot/oui.txt || cp oui.txt.default oui.txt</code></pre>
124<h2 id="install-the-application-and-initialize-the-database."><span class="header-section-number">2.5</span> Install the application and initialize the database.</h2>
125<p>It's finally time to run the installation!</p>
126<pre><code>$ cd ~/netdot-1.0.7/
127$ sudo make installdb
128$ sudo make install APACHEUSER=www-data APACHEGROUP=www-data
129$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/netdot/etc/netdot_apache24_local.conf \
130    /etc/apache2/conf-available/netdot.conf
131$ sudo a2enconf netdot
132$ sudo service apache2 graceful</code></pre>
133<p>Install the cron jobs for automated tasks</p>
134<pre><code>$ sudo cp netdot.cron /etc/cron.d/netdot</code></pre>
135<h1 id="operation"><span class="header-section-number">3</span> Operation</h1>
136<h2 id="log-into-the-web-interface"><span class="header-section-number">3.1</span> Log into the web interface</h2>
137<p>In your browser, go to:</p>
138<pre><code>http://pcX.ws.nsrc.org/netdot</code></pre>
139<p>Log in with username: admin and password: admin</p>
140<h2 id="changing-default-passwords"><span class="header-section-number">3.2</span> Changing default passwords</h2>
141<p>Netdot comes with three default user accounts. You should change the default passwords on those.</p>
142<p>Go to the &quot;Contacts&quot; tab, then search for &quot;Admin&quot;. You should see the details for the Admin user. Click on [edit], and find the Password field. Type the password you used to log in to your PC, then click on the &quot;Update&quot; button.</p>
143<p>Repeat the same steps for the other default users:</p>
144<ul>
145<li>operator</li>
146<li>guest</li>
147</ul>
148<h2 id="discovering-devices"><span class="header-section-number">3.3</span> Discovering devices</h2>
149<p>If you have not done so yet, configure SNMP on your PC and your router.</p>
150<p><em>Ask the instructor to provide you with instructions for configuring SNMP on Cisco routers and Linux</em></p>
151<p>Now back to Netdot. Let's create a file with all the devices in the lab network that respond to SNMP:</p>
152<pre><code>$ editor /home/sysadm/discoverme.txt</code></pre>
153<p>Copy and paste the following list:</p>
154<pre><code>gw.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
155s1.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
156sw.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
157rtr1.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
158rtr2.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
159rtr3.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
160rtr4.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
161rtr5.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
162rtr6.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
163rtr7.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
164rtr8.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
165rtr9.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
166pc1.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
167pc2.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
168pc3.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
169pc4.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
170pc5.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
171pc6.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
172pc7.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
173pc8.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
174pc9.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
175pc10.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
176pc11.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
177pc12.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
178pc13.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
179pc14.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
180pc15.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
181pc16.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
182pc17.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
183pc18.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
184pc19.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
185pc20.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
186pc21.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
187pc22.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
188pc23.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
189pc24.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
190pc25.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
191pc26.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
192pc27.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
193pc28.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
194pc29.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
195pc30.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
196pc31.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
197pc32.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
198pc33.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
199pc34.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
200pc35.ws.nsrc.org NetManage
201pc36.ws.nsrc.org NetManage</code></pre>
202<p>Now, tell Netdot to discover those devices:</p>
203<pre><code>$ cd /usr/local/netdot
204$ sudo bin/updatedevices.pl -E /home/sysadm/discoverme.txt -IAF</code></pre>
205<p>When that is done, go to the web interface and navigate to</p>
206<pre><code>Management -&gt; Devices</code></pre>
207<p>Leave the search box empty, and click on the &quot;Find&quot; button.</p>
208<p>You should see all the discovered devices in that list. Go to the link for your group's router (e.g. rtrX.ws.nsrc.org)</p>
209<ul>
210<li><p>Navigate to all the tabs: Basic, Interfaces, Modules, IP Info, etc. Netdot allows you to augment the information gathered from the device with details entered manually.</p></li>
211<li><p>In the ARP section, you should see one entry with a timestamp. Click on that entry. You should see a table associating IP addresses with MAC addresses. This is the ARP table discovered from rtr1. You should see your PC's IP address and MAC address.</p></li>
212</ul>
213<h2 id="finding-a-computer-in-your-network"><span class="header-section-number">3.4</span> Finding a computer in your network</h2>
214<ul>
215<li>Obtain the MAC address from your laptop (or desktop). Copy it in the clipboard.</li>
216<li>In the Netdot web interface, go to Management -&gt; Devices</li>
217<li>Paste your MAC address and hit ENTER</li>
218</ul>
219<p>Netdot will show you which devices were seeing that MAC address the last time that it discovered the network.</p>
220<h2 id="managing-ip-address-space"><span class="header-section-number">3.5</span> Managing IP address space</h2>
221<p>Go to Management -&gt; Address Space</p>
222<p>You should see a list of private IP blocks (from RFC-1918). These come pre-installed in Netdot.</p>
223<p>Click on 10.0.0.0/8</p>
224<p>You will see a list of discovered IP blocks, which are marked as &quot;Subnets&quot;. These were found in routers.</p>
225<ul>
226<li>Click on 10.10.1.0/24.</li>
227<li>Click on [edit]</li>
228<li>In the Description field, type &quot;Group 1 PCs&quot;</li>
229<li>Click &quot;Save&quot;</li>
230</ul>
231<h3 id="create-a-container-to-include-all-the-group-subnets"><span class="header-section-number">3.5.1</span> Create a container to include all the group subnets</h3>
232<p>In the section called &quot;Address Space Tasks&quot; on top, click on the &quot;[new]&quot; button and enter the following:</p>
233<ul>
234<li>IP/Prefix: 10.10.0.0/16</li>
235<li>Owner: click on [new].</li>
236<li>In the new &quot;Entity&quot; window, enter:</li>
237<li>Name: NSRC Lab</li>
238<li>Insert button, then [close]</li>
239<li>Used by: (leave blank)</li>
240<li>Status: Container</li>
241<li>Description: NSRC lab student networks</li>
242<li>Save</li>
243</ul>
244<p>You should now see the new Container page. It shows a graphical representation of the /16 block. All the existing subnets are shown in red. The green space represents unused or available address space.</p>
245<ul>
246<li>On the top of the graph there is a section called &quot;Zoom: set one row equal to&quot; Select /24 from the drop-down menu. Each row now represents a /24 block</li>
247<li>Click on [Tree View] to see a tree graph view of the IP hierarchy</li>
248</ul>
249<h2 id="polling-devices"><span class="header-section-number">3.6</span> Polling devices</h2>
250<p>Periodically you will want to connect again to your routers and switches to fetch their routing tables, forwarding tables etc. You can run the command which does this:</p>
251<pre><code>$ sudo /usr/local/netdot/bin/updatedevices.pl -DIFAT</code></pre>
252<ul>
253<li>-D: poll all devices already in the database</li>
254<li>-I: get device info (e.g. sysName)</li>
255<li>-F: get switch forwarding tables</li>
256<li>-A: get router ARP tables</li>
257<li>-T: re-calculate the topology</li>
258</ul>
259<p>To avoid having to run this by hand, you can install a crontab which will do it automatically at set times of day. We installed the crontab file in /etc/cron.d previously. If you look in /etc/cron.d/netdot you will see that this command executes once each hour by default.</p>
260<h1 id="more-information"><span class="header-section-number">4</span> More information</h1>
261<p><a href="http://netdot.uoregon.edu">Official Netdot Website</a></p>
262</body>
263</html>