Track5Wireless: wireless_scan_and_antenna.htm

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11<body>
12<div id="TOC">
13<ul>
14<li><a href="#wireless-scanning-antenna-lab"><span class="toc-section-number">1</span> Wireless Scanning &amp; Antenna Lab</a><ul>
15<li><a href="#exercises"><span class="toc-section-number">1.1</span> Exercises</a></li>
16<li><a href="#connect-to-your-router"><span class="toc-section-number">1.2</span> Connect to your router</a><ul>
17<li><a href="#windows-users"><span class="toc-section-number">1.2.1</span> Windows Users:</a></li>
18<li><a href="#mac-users"><span class="toc-section-number">1.2.2</span> Mac Users:</a></li>
19<li><a href="#linux-users"><span class="toc-section-number">1.2.3</span> Linux Users:</a></li>
20</ul></li>
21<li><a href="#view-and-enable-your-routers-interfaces"><span class="toc-section-number">1.3</span> View and enable your routers interfaces</a></li>
22<li><a href="#scan-for-wireless-networks"><span class="toc-section-number">1.4</span> Scan for wireless networks</a></li>
23<li><a href="#build-an-antenna"><span class="toc-section-number">1.5</span> Build an antenna!</a></li>
24</ul></li>
25</ul>
26</div>
27<h1 id="wireless-scanning-antenna-lab"><span class="header-section-number">1</span> Wireless Scanning &amp; Antenna Lab</h1>
28<h2 id="exercises"><span class="header-section-number">1.1</span> Exercises</h2>
29<p>In this exercise you will use a Mikrotik router to understand how a reflector can increase the gain of a standard monopole antenna.</p>
30<p>We'll use a serial console to attach to the Mikrotik, so you'll need a USB port and a serial to USB adapter. We'll supply the adapter for this lab.</p>
31<p>Windows users will need the Terminal Emulator called PuTTY, available here: <a href="http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html" class="uri">http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html</a></p>
32<p>Linux users will need Minicom: <code>apt-get install minicom</code> or <code>yum install minicom</code></p>
33<h2 id="connect-to-your-router"><span class="header-section-number">1.2</span> Connect to your router</h2>
34<p>Connect the adapter cable to a free USB port on your laptop.</p>
35<h3 id="windows-users"><span class="header-section-number">1.2.1</span> Windows Users:</h3>
36<p>Open the &quot;Device Manager&quot; application in Windows. In the &quot;Ports&quot; section you should see the new device. It will be appear as a &quot;USB Serial Port&quot; and should be assinged to a COM port, such as COM4.</p>
37<p>Now launch PuTTY. Choose the connection type of Serial. Set the COM port to the one you found in device manager, and the speed to 115200, then click &quot;Open&quot;.</p>
38<p>Press enter once or twice and you should see a login prompt.</p>
39<h3 id="mac-users"><span class="header-section-number">1.2.2</span> Mac Users:</h3>
40<p>From a terminal, type:</p>
41<pre><code>ls -ltr /dev/*usb*</code></pre>
42<p>This will help you find the USB serial device you just added. Then start &quot;screen&quot; using the device you just found:</p>
43<pre><code>screen /dev/tty.usbserial-DEVICENAME 115200</code></pre>
44<p>Press enter once or twice and you should see a login prompt.</p>
45<h3 id="linux-users"><span class="header-section-number">1.2.3</span> Linux Users:</h3>
46<p>From a terminal, type:</p>
47<pre><code>dmesg |grep tty</code></pre>
48<p>You should see your device at the end of the list. It might look like this:</p>
49<pre><code>[ 2843.525905] usb 2-2.2: FTDI USB Serial Device converter now attached to ttyUSB0</code></pre>
50<p>In this case, your device will be identified by /dev/ttyUSB0. Now launch minicom with:</p>
51<pre><code>sudo minicom -s</code></pre>
52<p>Choose the correct device, and set your line speed to 115200. Save this configuration as default &quot;def&quot;, then &quot;Exit&quot; from the configuration screen and you will have a connection to the router. Press enter once or twice and you should see a login prompt.</p>
53<p>The next time you run minicom, you can skip the -s and you will be taken straight to the current configuration</p>
54<h2 id="view-and-enable-your-routers-interfaces"><span class="header-section-number">1.3</span> View and enable your routers interfaces</h2>
55<p>When you first connect, you should see this on the screen:</p>
56<pre><code>MikroTik 6.32.3
57MikroTik Login: </code></pre>
58<p>Log in with the username &quot;admin&quot; and no password. You should see this:</p>
59<pre><code>  MMMM    MMMM       KKK                          TTTTTTTTTTT      KKK
60  MMM MMMM MMM  III  KKK  KKK  RRRRRR     OOOOOO      TTT     III  KKK  KKK
61  MMM  MM  MMM  III  KKKKK     RRR  RRR  OOO  OOO     TTT     III  KKKKK
62  MMM      MMM  III  KKK KKK   RRRRRR    OOO  OOO     TTT     III  KKK KKK
63  MMM      MMM  III  KKK  KKK  RRR  RRR   OOOOOO      TTT     III  KKK  KKK
64
65  MikroTik RouterOS 6.32.3 (c) 1999-2015       http://www.mikrotik.com/
66
67[?]             Gives the list of available commands
68command [?]     Gives help on the command and list of arguments
69
70[Tab]           Completes the command/word. If the input is ambiguous,
71                a second [Tab] gives possible options
72
73/               Move up to base level
74..              Move up one level
75/command        Use command at the base level
76 
77[admin@MikroTik] &gt;</code></pre>
78<p>Note the instructions for navigating the Mikrotik command line above - in particular the idea of moving up and down levels, the &quot;?&quot; sign, and tab completion. For a detailed guide on Mikrotik's console, have a look at their wiki: <a href="http://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:Console" class="uri">http://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:Console</a>. For this exercise, all the commands you need to know will be shown below.</p>
79<p>Now view all of the Mikrotik's interfaces:</p>
80<pre><code>/interface print</code></pre>
81<p>In this lab, you should see several ethernet interfaces and a wireless interface.</p>
82<pre><code>[admin@MikroTik] &gt; interface print
83Flags: D - dynamic, X - disabled, R - running, S - slave
84 #     NAME                                TYPE       ACTUAL-MTU L2MTU  MAX-L2MTU MAC-ADDRESS     
85 0  R  ether1                              ether            1500  1600            00:0C:42:04:B8:80
86 1     ether2                              ether            1500  1600            00:0C:42:04:B8:81
87 2     ether3                              ether            1500  1600            00:0C:42:04:B8:82
88 3  X  wlan1                               wlan             1500  1600            00:0C:42:05:35:6E
89[admin@MikroTik] &gt; </code></pre>
90<p>If your an interface has an &quot;X&quot; next to it, it's currently disabled. To enable the wireless interface, if it's disabled, type:</p>
91<pre><code>[admin@MikroTik] &gt; /interface wireless set wlan1 disabled=no</code></pre>
92<h2 id="scan-for-wireless-networks"><span class="header-section-number">1.4</span> Scan for wireless networks</h2>
93<p>Now we'll set up that wireless interface to scan for Wi-Fi networks in the 2.4GHz frequency band, and we'll start a scan</p>
94<pre><code>[admin@MikroTik] &gt; /interface wireless set wlan1 frequency=2412 band=2ghz-b/g scan-list=default
95[admin@MikroTik] &gt; interface wireless scan wlan1 </code></pre>
96<p>We should see a whole lot of access points!</p>
97<pre><code>[admin@MikroTik] &gt; interface wireless scan wlan1
98Flags: A - active, P - privacy, R - routeros-network, N - nstreme, T - tdma, W - wds, B - bridge
99       ADDRESS           SSID                CHANNEL              SIG   NF SNR RADIO-NAME             
100AP     00:23:69:16:85:D9 DAMAGERUP           2412/20/gn           -80  -94  14
101APR  B D4:CA:6D:A5:D4:0D tc2-aust-27b        2412/20-Ce/gn        -82  -94  12 D4CA6DA5D40D           
102AP     94:4A:0C:F8:A2:1E vodafoneJSCK        2412/20/gn           -85  -94   9
103AP     C4:71:30:43:9D:E5 Gramofon_439de4     2412/20/gn           -90  -94   4
104A R    00:0C:42:FC:52:0B Vistagate           2412/20-Ce/gn        -89  -94   5 000C42FC520B           
105AP     00:0E:8F:A2:BA:7C radio               2412/20/gn           -91  -94   3
106AP     20:08:ED:02:65:64 vodafone655B        2422/20/gn           -91  -93   2
107AP     C4:07:2F:6E:05:E6 SPARK-7MHLFZ        2422/20/gn           -89  -93   4
108AP     80:71:7A:7D:1A:4C SPARK-DNVXJL        2427/20/gn           -95  -95   0
109AP     BC:96:80:2F:47:B4 Johnny              2437/20/gn           -87  -95   8
110 P     C0:8A:DE:20:53:68                     2437/20/gn           -91  -95   4
111AP     C0:8A:DE:23:D8:78 WCWifiSmart         2437/20/gn           -89  -95   6
112A      C0:8A:DE:E3:D8:78 WCPD                2437/20/gn           -91  -95   4
113AP     C0:8A:DE:23:D8:79 WCBYOD              2437/20/gn           -89  -95   6
114AP     C0:8A:DE:63:D8:79 wl                  2437/20/gn           -88  -95   7
115AP     C0:8A:DE:A3:D8:79 WCStaff             2437/20/gn           -89  -95   6
116AP     78:A0:51:0E:3A:59 XFiles              2437/20-Ce/gn        -89  -95   6
117AP     C0:FF:D4:9E:3D:09 Mimir-2.4           2442/20/gn           -94  -93  -1
118 P     58:98:35:18:09:F7 KB                  2447/20/gn           -94  -94   0
119AP     24:C9:A1:B3:FB:38 eduroam             2452/20/gn           -84  -94  10
120A      24:C9:A1:33:FB:38 CityLink WiFi       2452/20/gn           -85  -94   9</code></pre>
121<p>In the scan results, we can see the mode of the access point, whether it's acive, if there's privacy (encryption), what the access point's MAC address is, it's SSID, what channel it's on, and details on the amount of signal and noise received. Those last details are the most important for our lab.</p>
122<p>If you want to cut down the bands scanned, you can specify this in your wireless lan setup. Here's wll limit the scan to channel 1:</p>
123<pre><code>[admin@MikroTik] &gt; interface wireless set wlan1 scan-list=2412
124[admin@MikroTik] &gt; interface wireless scan wlan1              </code></pre>
125<p>Now we only see networks on channel 1! The instructor will specify a channel to scan in the workshop, and an SSID in particular to note. Record the signal and noise of all the SSIDs you can see in a note on your computer, or just take a screen shot of the scan results!</p>
126<h2 id="build-an-antenna"><span class="header-section-number">1.5</span> Build an antenna!</h2>
127<p>We'll distribute scissors, tape, aluminium foil, and antenna templates to all participants. Assemble the antenna and fit it to your Mikrotik's antenna. Run your scan again and see how it's different.</p>
128<pre><code>[admin@MikroTik] &gt; interface wireless scan wlan1              </code></pre>
129<p>The best performing antenna (lowest signal level) to the target SSID will win a prize.</p>
130<p>To replicate this antenna at home, visit Michael Erskine's Free Antennas website: <a href="http://www.freeantennas.com/" class="uri">http://www.freeantennas.com/</a></p>
131</body>
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